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Founded by Mother Marie Joseph Butler in 1926,  Marymount School is part of a network of schools directed by the Religious of the Sacred Heart of Mary (RSHM). established in 1849 in Béziers, France, by Père Gailhac and Mère St. Jean, who expanded their ministry to the United States in 1877.

Marymount School of New York was originally situated within three notable Beaux-Arts mansions on Fifth Avenue: the historic Florence Vanderbilt estate at 1028 Fifth Avenue, the adjacent Pratt mansion, and the Dunlevy Milbank property.  These mansions were built by architect C. P. H. Gilbert and the architectural firm Van Vleck & Goldsmith, and listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.

​Marymount School opened a second permanent campus in September 2023 at 115 East 97th Street, designed by COOKFOX Architects. In addition to expanding academic, athletic, and artistic programming, the new location also included a chapel. MPSB, in collaboration with New Holland furniture, designed a new altar, ambo, credence table, and tabernacle stand for the space.